With the warm weather and slightly longer days brings a new selection of heritage events happening across Nottinghamshire. Here are just a few for you:

Monday 2nd March: Head to Hucknall Library ‘for a free small group session to explore Inspire’s Heritage photograph collections. Discover more about the Inspire Picture Archive which holds over 40,000 images of Nottinghamshire life from the 19th century up to the present day’. You will also learn how to upload your own photographs to add to Inspire’s catalogue and how Inspire manage their physical photograph collection. Book your place for free here.

Monday 2nd March: ‘Join Professor Tom Higham online to discover the latest scientific methods and breakthroughs in Neanderthal extinction and human dispersals’. ‘In this lecture [he] will talk about the latest data, both from the field and the laboratory, and explore the disappearance of the Neanderthals and the dispersal of ‘modern humans’ into Eurasia. [He] will outline some of the new biomolecular tools we are now using to find fragmentary human bones, which can then be genetically sequenced and dated, and what these have told us about this period of human prehistory’. Book your free place here.

Saturday 14th March: Also at Hucknall library is a new event to celebrate the project: ‘Hucknall, Skegby, and Selston: Then and Now’. ‘Come along and discover how Hucknall, Skegby and Selston have changed over time’ and ‘and explore Hucknall Library’s heritage resources including the new Nottinghamshire Digital Archive platform’. The ‘project artist, Edwina Kung will also be running a fun, interactive artist workshop for families, during the celebration event’. This event is free and no booking is required, just drop in! For more information, visit the event page here.

Sunday 15th March: ‘Treat your mum to a Mothers Day experience like no other – a walk in Sherwood Forest with Robin Hood’. ‘This walk is around 90 minutes and will be packed with some of Robin’s favourite tales of the outlaws and motherly figures from history’. Tickets cost up to £11 per person and booking is required. Book your place here.

Tuesday 17th March: At Mansfield Central Library, ‘join historian David Templeman for an in-depth talk on the interaction between the three most colourful and charismatic women in Elizabethan History’ (Elizabeth I, Mary, Queen of Scots and Bess of Hardwick). ‘David’s talk will offer a new perspective on these women and a unique insight into a predominantly man’s world entered into and conquered by these three powerful icons’. Tickets cost £3 and booking is required. Book your place here.

Above: Votes For Women Poster, 1909. (By Hilda Dallas - Private collection, Public Domain)

Wednesday 18th March: Head to Beeston Library for the ‘Heritage Talk: Deeds Not Words’. ‘The Suffragette movement revolutionised how women were viewed, and what they could achieve. The Nottingham area certainly had it’s share of these courageous women. Come and find out about who these remarkable women were, as local historian Sandra Berrington uncovers the efforts and sacrifices they made to give women equality’. Tickets cost £3 and booking is required. Book your place here.

Wednesday 18th March: ‘Step back in time and join Reverend John T. Becher, founder of The Workhouse, on a tour of Southwell. Follow Becher on an historical 2.5 mile walking tour of Southwell as he highlights his connections with the town as a churchman, magistrate and social reformer during a period of great change’. This event is free but booking is recommended. Book your place here.

Friday 27th March: In association with the National Civil War Centre, join archaeologist Richard Parker to find out more about the Norton Disney Dodecahedron. ‘This fine example of a Gallo Roman dodecahedron was found in the summer of 2023 when archaeologists excavated a Roman site at Norton Disney, close to a Roman villa and the Fosse Way Roman road. Its purpose remains a mystery’. This evening event, at the Palace Theatre, costs up to £10 per person and booking is required. Book your place here.

Friday 27th and Saturday 28th March: ‘As part of its new events programme, the Framework Knitters Museum is presenting the world premiere of ‘Riot Act’, a play originally commissioned by Nottingham Playhouse, by renowned Nottingham writer Andy Barrett. ‘Riot Act’ explores the lives of the Nottinghamshire framework knitters and the rise and fall of the Luddite movement at the start of the nineteenth century’. Tickets cost £5 per person and booking is required. Book your place here.

One invention that is thought to have originated out of Nottinghamshire is the Stocking Frame. The stocking frame, invented in 1589, was a revolutionary knitting machine used within the textile industry. The use of this machine helped bring about the Industrial Revolution and the principles of machine knitting laid out by this machine are still used in the textile industry today.

Its invention is attributed to an Englishman named William Lee. Sadly, nothing much concrete is known about William. Most reports theorise he was a clergyman from Calverton, Nottinghamshire. There has been some argument that he lived in Sussex instead, but scholars predominantly believe he was a Nottinghamshire man. We are inclined to agree!

The stocking frame worked by imitating hand-knitting movements. It was unlike anything available at the time. Lee sought out a patent for the machine from Queen Elizabeth I. Upon demonstration of the machine, Elizabeth declined his patent request on the fear that his machine would be highly detrimental to those working in the hand-knitting industry. Elizabeth promised William that if he could improve his machine to be able to make silk stockings then his patent would be approved (Rowlett 1886).

His machine wasn’t a perfect invention from conception. The frame originally could only produce coarse fabrics as it contained eight needles in an inch. So, William worked on improving the machine, by increasing the needles per inch, until, in 1598, it was capable of knitting silk stockings.

Above: Stocking Frame at Framework Knitters Museum, Ruddington, Nottinghamshire. By John Beniston (Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0).

Unfortunately for William, despite his improvements, his patent was declined again by Elizabeth’s successor James I. Upon this rejection, he decided to take the stocking frame and his workers to France under the protection of King Henry IV.

In 1610, however, Henry IV was assassinated. At a time where religion was a very divisive aspect of society, the death of the Protestant King Henry and the succession of the Catholic Louis XIII had consequences for the Protestants in France. As one of those Protestants, William’s stocking frame business badly suffered. William died in Paris a few years later (many report that he died in 1614) with his business that he had worked at for decades in disrepair.

Some of his stocking frames made their way back to England with his workers. Many workers sold their frames in London while his brother James is reported to have helped to establish the use of the stocking frame into the textile industry in England.

In the seventeenth and eighteen centuries, the stocking frame ‘was probably the most sophisticated textile machine in common use in western civilisation’ (Lewis, 1986). The frame could hold around 38 needles per inch by 1750 (Lewis, 1986), a stark difference from the number of needles on the initial conceptions of the machine. By the mid-seventeenth century , attempts were made by framework knitters to ‘regulate the exportation of machinery and skilled labour…as a reflection of the workers’ new-found estimation of his machinery and skills’ (Lewis, 1986).

Further adaptions of Lee’s machine continued even up to the 19th century as the stocking frame was adapted for different textiles and knitting styles. By the start of the 19th century, the machine had notably been adapted as a lace making machine, which also has special connections to Nottingham in the form of the lace market.

Lee most likely had no idea how much of an importance his machine would have on the textile industry centuries down the line. His influence ‘laid the foundation for an industry that now gives employment to millions. There can be but few people in the world who do not make daily use of its products’ (Pasold, 1975).

If it weren’t for the dedication and determination of Lee and his loyal workers to continually improve the stocking frame, the history of textile production would look wildly different.

If you would like to learn more about the stocking frame or about the textile industry, we suggest you visit the Framework Knitters’ Museum in Ruddington.

Bibliography:

Lewis, P. 1986. ‘William Lee’s Stocking Frame: Technical Evolution and Economic Viability 1589-1750’, Textile History, Volume 17. Pp. 129-147

Pasold, E.W. 1975. ‘In Search of William Lee’, Textile History, Volume 6. Pp.7-17

Rowlett, W.T. 1887. ‘Framework Knitting’, Journal of the Society of Arts, Volume 36. Page 445