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This lovely article comes from our Winter 1999 Heritage Newsletter:

Quoting from Celia Fiennes, the trouble with Mansfield is that ‘there is nothing remarkable here’, an opinion echoed by a later commentator, Roy Christian who remarked that it is a ‘pity that this quite pleasant town that has had a market since 1277…should have so few distinguished buildings, though its locally quarried white and red sandstone has added distinction to such buildings elsewhere as the Houses of Parliament and St. Pancras Station’. There is, however, evidence to counter such views not only in the buildings that unfortunately have gone but also in those that are still standing. We shall look at one building in Mansfield and see what made it remarkable.

The Mansfield Public Baths were erected in 1853 near the corner site of Bath Street and Littleworth. Even though they have been demolished, it is fitting that they have been replaced by the Water Meadows Swimming Centre, thereby continuing the watery theme! They were built by the architect C.J. Neale and builder C. Lindley, when the population of England was steadily increasing, with a major growth in the population of England and Wales from around 8 million at the beginning of the century to over 32 million towards the end. The building was constructed from a local material, the grey Mansfield stone which was used in the building of the Houses of Parliament, as Roy Christian pointed out.

Barbara Gallon has given us a fascinating insight into how the original baths served the public before replacement by the modern version. Their purpose was arguably more important in that they provided facilities which the majority of the patrons would not have possessed. Baths and showers could be had at varying costs depending on the class of ‘cleaning’ required, as well as whether towels were hired out or not (with the charge of 3d for the pleasure) and the time of day one went for one’s toilet. For example, first class warm bath and use of warm towels cost 6d, whereas second class use cost 4d, whilst cheapest of all was a third class bath with only one towel provided for 2d. for using the swimming pool, 1d or 2d was charged depending on the time of day. The entrance hall was reputedly quite spacious, with the ladies’ area running off to the right and divided into first and second class bathing area. The gentlemen’s section was to the left of the entrance hall, again offering different classes of bathing.

The photograph shows how the building looked in August 1969, markedly changed – four decorative chimney stacks had been removed and modern windows replaced the stone mullioned originals. Ornate iron railings used to flank the building, only the wall gate piers remain as evidence of their former glory.

If you fancy going to a heritage event this new year, we’ve got you covered! Here’s some events going on this January:

Until Monday 13th January: An exhibition at Bilsthorpe Museum called ‘Mining Stories’ is currently running and will be open until 13th January. This exhibition allows you to immerse yourself in stories of the mines using Walkman’s. For more details, visit the event page here.

Tuesday 14th January: The librarians at Inspire will be hosting online one-to-one meetings to help you discover your family history. This event is free to attend, but booking is required. Spots are limited so book your place here.

Friday 17th January: Opening on 17th January, an exhibition at the University of Nottingham Museum featuring incredible Iron Age artefacts. ‘This exhibition will feature a fascinating range of everyday objects from both hillforts, with a spotlight on a spectacular hoard of chariot fittings from Burrough Hill’. The exhibition is free to attend, and booking is not required. For more information, visit the event page here.

Wednesday 22nd January: A talk by ‘Local historian and retired theatre consultant Bob Massey unravels the story behind some of the fascinating [Victorian] optical toys and how they informed the work of our earliest cinema pioneers’. This talk at Beeston Library is £3 per person and booking is required. Book your place here.

Thursday 23rd January: 'Find out how to party like it’s 1639, in this fascinating talk about the role of dance in Stuart England' at the National Civil War Centre in Newark. Booking is required and tickets cost £10 per person. Book your place here.

Thursday 30th January: ‘Curious to learn more about your family's history? Join one of [the Inspire] librarians for a small group session, where they will demonstrate some of the key features of this valuable online research tool’. This event takes place at Kirkby-in-Ashfield Library and Learning Centre and is free to attend. Booking is required however so book your place here.

Friday 31st January: Newark's National Civil War Centre's 'Tudor Hall will become Westminster Hall for this interactive performance event in honour of the 400th anniversary of Charles I’s accession to the throne. Take part in the trial and decide if you would sign the warrant to execute a King!' Booking is required and tickets cost £10 per person. Book your place here.

Above: A projecting praxinoscope, 1882 (by Louis Poyet, from La Nature, Public Domain)

This year has been an exciting and successful year for the HER and the Historic Environment team at Nottinghamshire County Council. 

Throughout 2024 we have added over 350 new sources to the HER. This has resulted in around 380 archaeological events and over 500 new archaeological features being recorded. Some of the new records added this year were the mid-19th century Whiteley Silk Mill in Stapleford, an Anglo-Saxon burial in Bingham, a Late Iron Age – Early Romano British settlement at Radcliffe-on-Trent, and prehistoric to Post-Medieval mixed finds from King John’s Palace in Clipstone.

On top of this, over 720 previously recorded features have been modified to be more accurate and more detailed. Edited records included: former Coffee Tavern and Institute in Hucknall, Forest Town in Mansfield Woodhouse, a series of Late Iron-Age to Roman enclosures at Aslockton, and Newark Castle.

Within the wider heritage team, we sadly saw the retirement of our Senior Archaeological Practitioner Ursilla in the first half of 2024. With that, our new Senior Practitioner Matt started with us in July. Matt joined us from Lincolnshire County Council and brings a wonderful wealth of experience to the heritage team. We are very lucky to have Matt as part of our team!

This year also saw the end of a large-scale project called Miner2Major, with which we had a strong involvement. ‘Miner2Major was a five-year Landscape Partnership Scheme supported by The National Lottery Heritage Fund. It focussed on the heart of the Sherwood Forest area from Bestwood to Ollerton, and Mansfield to Rufford Abbey, an area that has a distinctive landscape character which is recognised and valued by local people as well as visitors from around the world’ (Miner2Major website, 2024).

Across the years of the Miner2Major scheme, our team helped to oversee archaeological projects at Sherwood Pines, Strawberry Hill, and Moor Pond Woods, and also ‘commissioned a 0.16m resolution LiDAR map’ of the Sherwood landscape (available through the 'Map' section of our website). To find out more, you can visit ‘The Veiled Landscape Project’ website pages on the Miner2Major website, as well as our own website.

(Above: Excavations at Sherwood Pines)

Under the bracket of the M2M project, our Historic Environment Officer Janine published two equestrian themed books: ‘Country House Stables of Nottinghamshire’ and ‘Colliery Stables & the Nottinghamshire Pit Pony’. Based on these books, Janine has hosted many public outreach events this year at Rufford Abbey and several Nottinghamshire libraries. These books are available free of charge in larger Nottinghamshire libraries, and The Book Case bookshop in Lowdham and Five Leaves bookshop in Nottingham (while stocks last). They are also available to download as e-books. You can read 'Country House Stables of Notitnghamshire' here and the 'Colliery Stables & the Nottinghamshire Pit Pony' here.

The results of Miner2Major projects provided us with over 50 archaeological features and events to add to our records and the results of historic buildings research and surveying also provided information to either add or improve over 50 historic building records. In 2024, we set about adding the information gleaned from Miner2Major project into the HER.

Our team is hoping to host many more public events and continue to maintain the HER to a high standard. Keep an eye out on our website in 2025 for event news, interesting blog posts, and new historical records!

This lovely little article originates from our Winter 1999 newsletter:

Bells are part of our culture, and references abound:- ‘Ding-dong bell, Pussy’s in the well’, ‘Great Tom is cast…’, ‘…for whom the bell tolls’, ‘the sunken bells of lost Atlantis ring’, to name but a few.

The sound of bells was more common in medieval England than today; calling people to services, to work or play, to wake or sleep, or put out their fires in their thatched homes at curfew (couvre-feu, ‘cover the fire’) in the evening. Bells were rung at baptisms, weddings, funerals and festivals; for joy, sorrow and emergencies. People believed clanging bells drove away the evil spirits of storms, and Spalding Church records show ringers were paid three pence for ‘ringing when the tempest was’.

At Claughton, Lancs., a bell survives bearing the date 1296, and even older ones remain; the earliest were long and narrow in shape. In the 17th century, improvements in hanging and tuning bells to a musical scale led to change-ringing (unknown outside England).

Molten bell-metal, an alloy of copper and tin, was poured into moulds lined with cow or horse manure (still used today) at the foundry. The bells often carry beautiful lettering, inscriptions, names, foundry marks; things of great interest and beauty but rarely seen. The great frames on which bells were hung in the bell-tower were designed and constructed by expert carpenters using massive oak timbers, hand-sawn, split, adzed and joined together with mortice and tenon joints secured by one inch oak pegs.

At the dawn of the 21st century, belling ringing was given a tremendous boost by the prospect of ringing in the millennium. All over England, foundries were casting new bells, bell-hangers were improving existing bells and hung new ones, and new recruits were trained in the art of bell ringing. There are 5000 churches in England with 5 or more bells, and Southwell Minster has 13! But let us not forget the little villages; at Headon-cum-Upton there is just one bell, although two were recorded in 1740. The inscription should read ‘CUM VOCO VENITE’ (‘come when I call’) but the last word is spelt ‘VENITI’ and some of the Gothic capital letters are placed sideways or upside down. The bell is thought to be late 16th century, but the magnificent two-bay frame may be earlier.

This articles comes from our Winter 1998 newsletter:

Imagine being dressed in your smartest regalia, out for a stroll after a large Sunday roast, surveying your fine territory and gardens, when, oops, looking out across the well-cut lawns, you stumble, lose your footing and fall flat, while your friends and family around you have a good giggle at your expense. This could be the fate for anyone walking along in a garden ever since the turn of the eighteenth century, and the wicked culprit – the ha-ha.

The first ha-has were seen in England during the late seventeenth century and regarded as a way of seeing the garden landscape as well as the wilderness beyond it, where landscape architecture was becoming a rising feature of the well-to-do and their gardens. Whereas garden walls would restrict the prospect of what a person could see across the land, the ha-ha was viewed as something which wouldn’t limit what the eye could see and gave an awakening to sensations and curiosity where, according to the inventors of the ha-ha, Bridgman and Eyres – Royal Gardeners of Chiswick Park, variety and concealment were the pre-requisites of the art of landscape.

‘The destruction of walls for boundaries and the invention of fosses – an attempt then deemed so astonishing that the common people called them Ha! Has! to express their surprise at finding a sudden and unperceived check to their walk’ – Horace Walpole, ‘The History of the Modern Taste on Gardening’.

In reality, the sunken ditch of the ha-ha was used to separate the lawns from the working meadows and fields, though leaving the view of the entire countryside to the eye, while keeping the animals, i.e. the deer and the stock including the cows, out of the gardens. Normally the garden side of the ditch was vertical, faced with brick or stone, while the outer side of the ditch sloped up gently to the normal level of the ground, leaving the view of the countryside beyond free and unhindered.

Nottinghamshire has many examples of ha-has, some date from the early eighteenth century through to the late nineteenth century that have listed building status. They range from 150m long at Shireoaks Hall to over 800m long at Wollaton Hall;1m high at Brackenhurst Hall to up to 3m tall at Kelham Hall; made of bricks at Norwood Park to stone at Stanford Hall; and often incorporating other features of landscape architecture, such as fountains at Hardwick Terrace to gates at Scofton Church.